Bird problems are often underestimated until the damage becomes significant. Pigeons, herring gulls, and starlings are the three species most likely to cause problems on buildings across Aberdeen, Dundee, Angus, Perth, and Stirling. Each presents different challenges, and effective control requires an understanding of the species, the site, and the legal framework.

The problems birds cause

Bird activity on buildings creates a range of problems:

• Structural damage: bird droppings are acidic and accelerate the deterioration of stonework, concrete, metal, and roofing materials. Nesting material can block gutters and drainage systems, leading to water ingress.
• Health risks: bird droppings can carry Salmonella, E. coli, and Cryptococcus. Dried droppings become airborne and can be inhaled. Nesting material harbours bird mites, which can infest buildings and bite occupants.
• Noise and aggression: gulls in particular can be aggressive during the nesting season, dive-bombing people near nest sites. Their calls are loud and persistent.
• Slip hazards: bird droppings on walkways, fire escapes, and car parks create a slip risk, particularly when wet.

The legal position

All wild birds in the UK are protected under the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981. It is an offence to intentionally kill, injure, or take any wild bird, or to take, damage, or destroy an active nest or eggs. This means that once birds are nesting, options are limited until the nesting season ends.

In Scotland, NatureScot can issue licences to allow certain control activities where there is a public health or safety justification. Pest King is experienced in working within the licensing framework and can advise on what is and is not permissible for your specific situation.

Proofing methods

The most effective long-term solution is physical proofing that prevents birds from landing and nesting on the building:

• Anti-perch spikes: stainless steel or polycarbonate spikes fitted to ledges, parapets, and roof edges. Effective for pigeons and gulls on flat surfaces.
• Bird netting: heavy-duty netting that excludes birds from large areas such as courtyards, loading bays, and roof voids. The most comprehensive solution for complex sites.
• Post and wire systems: tensioned wire systems that prevent birds from landing on ledges and beams. Less visible than spikes and suitable for heritage buildings.
• Optical gel: a non-toxic gel that creates a visual and UV deterrent. Suitable for smaller areas and heritage sites where spikes are not appropriate.

The right proofing method depends on the species, the building type, and the extent of the problem. Pest King carries out a site survey before recommending a solution, ensuring the proofing is appropriate for the specific situation and compliant with all relevant legislation.